Technology, Criminal Investigations, and Ethics :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Abstract  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This paper discusses several implementations of modern technology in criminal investigations, and the ethical issues that accompany these techniques, focusing on the tradeoff between security and privacy. Specific topics include centralization of information, telecommunications, and general technology. Cases are cited for each topic, as well as a discussion of the ethical issues involved.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With the advent of modern technologies, the face of criminal investigations, and indeed daily life, has been irrevocably altered. In addition to locating criminals with ease, authorities now have the ability to monitor potential criminals before they can commit crimes. However, with an increased ability to detect comes an inevitable tradeoff in privacy. To monitor society as a whole is to monitor both the innocent and the guilty. Phases of sudden change imply a period of social adaptation, namely debates centered on the 4th amendment and personal privacy. Cases related to the 4th amendment reflect the difficult application of 200 year-old principles to a changing society, while the latter examine the tradeoff between privacy and protection.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Despite a large number of high-profile cases surrounding general technology and criminal investigations, the majority of advancements in the field have been undeniably beneficial to the law enforcement community. Ballistics, the study of dynamics of projectiles, has aided authorities in tracing countless criminals. By maintaining a record of firearm and ammunition types, sources, and characteristics, investigators are given an invaluable tool in collecting information about crimes. The recent advent of DNA testing and analysis allows for incontrovertible identification of individuals. Traces as insubstantial as fingernails, hair, and skin cells can place an individual at the scene of a crime. Police who are equipped with laptop computers can instantly look up the history of a vehicle, including whether it was reported as stolen or owned by an individual with outstanding warrants. Many innovations have indisputably aided criminal investigat ion without causing controversy. However, there have been a multitude of technologies that have incited oversensitive privacy advocates. Centralization of information is one concept that has provoked debate. Large databases can contain information about an entire state or country, which has been done for years in paper form. The distinction is that when information takes electronic form, its location is often indeterminate and the data is prone to corruption or piracy. Given the potential to integrate information about an individual into a single record, there is reason to worry about misuse. Technology, Criminal Investigations, and Ethics :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers Abstract  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This paper discusses several implementations of modern technology in criminal investigations, and the ethical issues that accompany these techniques, focusing on the tradeoff between security and privacy. Specific topics include centralization of information, telecommunications, and general technology. Cases are cited for each topic, as well as a discussion of the ethical issues involved.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With the advent of modern technologies, the face of criminal investigations, and indeed daily life, has been irrevocably altered. In addition to locating criminals with ease, authorities now have the ability to monitor potential criminals before they can commit crimes. However, with an increased ability to detect comes an inevitable tradeoff in privacy. To monitor society as a whole is to monitor both the innocent and the guilty. Phases of sudden change imply a period of social adaptation, namely debates centered on the 4th amendment and personal privacy. Cases related to the 4th amendment reflect the difficult application of 200 year-old principles to a changing society, while the latter examine the tradeoff between privacy and protection.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Despite a large number of high-profile cases surrounding general technology and criminal investigations, the majority of advancements in the field have been undeniably beneficial to the law enforcement community. Ballistics, the study of dynamics of projectiles, has aided authorities in tracing countless criminals. By maintaining a record of firearm and ammunition types, sources, and characteristics, investigators are given an invaluable tool in collecting information about crimes. The recent advent of DNA testing and analysis allows for incontrovertible identification of individuals. Traces as insubstantial as fingernails, hair, and skin cells can place an individual at the scene of a crime. Police who are equipped with laptop computers can instantly look up the history of a vehicle, including whether it was reported as stolen or owned by an individual with outstanding warrants. Many innovations have indisputably aided criminal investigat ion without causing controversy. However, there have been a multitude of technologies that have incited oversensitive privacy advocates. Centralization of information is one concept that has provoked debate. Large databases can contain information about an entire state or country, which has been done for years in paper form. The distinction is that when information takes electronic form, its location is often indeterminate and the data is prone to corruption or piracy. Given the potential to integrate information about an individual into a single record, there is reason to worry about misuse.

Enron: What Caused the Ethical Collapse

It is not easy to find one single person, who can be blamed for the collapse of Enron, because there was so many players in so many levels. We can’t find one responsible person, but there are many person who shared the blame for the scandal that turned Enron into the ultimate poster child for fraudulent accounting practices, and caused one of the largest bankruptcies in the us history. The key people involved internally at Enron were the executives, Kenneth Lay (Chairman and CEO), Jeffrey Skilling (President and CEO), and Andrew Fastow (CFO). They built up a highly successful company, but soon they began to divert funds into phony investments, and cashed their own stocks, while the price was still high. From October 1999 to November 2001, Lay sold a total 1. 8 million shares for $101 million. Altogether, 29 Enron officers pocketed $1. 2billion from selling Enron shares, while unsuspecting employees went broke. Simultaneously, while this was going on, more than half of employees’ 401(k) savings, or about $1. 2 billion, were invested in Enron stock, which were rendered worthless. The chairman sent an email to the workers: the company had â€Å"never been stronger† and its future growth â€Å"has never been more certain†, so most of the workers held their stocks, because nobody could foresee what was about to happen. In Texas, the Teachers Retirement system lost $35. 7 million in Enron stock, In Florida; the pension fund for teachers, state employees, and county workers bought 7 million shares of Enron stock (the fund that covers 650,000 workers and 150,000 retirees estimate they lost $306 million). In the end millions in 401(k) savings were lost. Enron was hiding massive losses by using their strategy of â€Å"mark to market† accounting. Fastow was also found by an internal Enron investigation to have secretly made $30 million from managing one of these partnerships. Outside of the company, Arthur Andersen, the gigantic accounting firm responsible for Enron’s accounting and outside auditing, also shares some blame for the scandal. In theory, companies can't get away with cooking their books because honest, independent accounting firms are looking over their shoulders, protecting the public. In the case of Enron, however, Arthur Andersen failed at their duties. Four days before Enron reported a staggering loss of $618 million for the third quarter of 2001, one of Andersen's top lawyers sent out a memo ordering his staff to shred all Enron-related audit documents. Dvid Duncan got the maximum sentence for his crimes is ten years. redit rating agencys: Credit rating agencies like Moody’s, Standard & Poor’s and Fitch failed to inform investors how risky buying a company’s bonds might be, failed to spot any problems with Enron until the company was nearly bankrupt, only downgrading its bonds on 28 November 2001. t S&P and Fitch told a Fortune reporter they had no idea how Enron made its money. The lack of regulations, and the good relations with the White House, allowed Enron to have major influ ence over policy in America. On economic policy, Enron wanted complete deregulation with no government interference. They got it. On energy policy, Enron wanted no caps on electricity prices in California. They got it. On tax policy, Enron wanted elimination of the corporate alternative minimum tax. They got it. In the end these policies created the perfect environment for their unethical games. The ultimate example occurred throughout the year 2000 during the California Electricity Crisis. The Enron traders exported the cheap electricity from California to another state and later they take it back and sold it for a higher price. This causes 42 billion losses in California in three years.

The Harlem Renaissance Essay - 1977 Words

The Harlem Renaissance, a cultural movement that began in the 1920s, brought an excitement and a new found freedom and voice to African-Americans who had been silent and oppressed for a long time. The evolution of African-American culture, expressed through art, music and creative writings, and establishing roots in European-American society became known as the Harlem Renaissance. (â€Å"Harlem Renaissance†) After the American Civil War ended in 1865 more jobs and education became available for black. Blacks had finally created a middle class in America. Those blacks were expecting to be treated fairly and have the same life as white Americans. In 1896 equal rights for all races came to a halt when the Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court ruled†¦show more content†¦After some time, Harlem became â€Å"the capital of black America (Harlem Renaissance).† William Edward Burroughs Du Bois, known as W.E.B Du Bois, a graduate of Harvard and black historian, was one of the fighters of the civil rights movement during this time. Dubois, in 1905, gathered in New York with well-known African-Americans who were very active in politics, and white civil rights supporters to discuss the problems facing blacks in the city and surrounding areas. He, in 1909, founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), to promote civil rights and fight African-American disenfranchisement, the right to vote. (Harlem Renaissance) During the same time, Marcus Garvey started his â€Å"Back to Africa movement.† He encouraged African-Americans to feel pride and respect in their race and background. Garvey founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL) designed to reunite all people of African ancestry to one government. Different groups helped promote a sense of empowerment and community among African-Americans around the country. Whites organized with black intellectuals to try to change America from a segregated society. Blacks used artists and writers to move forward the goals of civil rights and push for equality. Jazz music and black literature immediately got attention and brought the heart and soul of theShow MoreRelatedHarlem And The Harlem Renaissance Essay2269 Words   |  10 Pagessouthern African Americans migrated to a city called Harlem in New York. They relocated due to dogmatism and intolerance of melanin diverging out the of pores of many white southerners. The African Americans who migrated found new opportunities both economic and artistic that resulted to the creation of a stable middle class Black –Americans (Dover, 2006). This was the Harlem Renaissance a cultural, social, and artistic explosion. The core of Harlem expressed by Alain Locke is that through art, â€Å"ne groRead MoreHarlem And The Harlem Renaissance1430 Words   |  6 Pagesmoved in to urban cities such as Chicago, Detroit, and Harlem. Out of these northern metropolises, the most popular was Harlem; â€Å"here in Manhattan (Harlem) is not merely the largest Negro community in the world, but the first concentration in history of so many diverse element of Negro life†(1050). Harlem became the mecca of black people, and between the years of 1920 and the late 1930s it was known as the Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance, brought artiest, poets, writers, musicians, and intelligentRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance850 Words   |  4 Pages Giselle Villanueva History IB Mr. Flores February 7, 2016 Period 4 Word Count: 693 Harlem Renaissance The Harlem Renaissance was the first period in the history of the United States in which a group of black poets, authors, and essayist seized the opportunity to express themselves. The Great Migration was the movement of six million African Americans from the rural South to the cities of the North during 1916 to 1970. Driven from their homes by unsatisfactory economic opportunities and harsh segregationistRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance1154 Words   |  5 PagesIV AP 16 November 2015 The Harlem Renaissance The early 1900s was a time marked with tragedy in America. Started and ended with the Great Depression in between, it was not America s finest moment. Prohibition was in place, the Klu Klux Klan was still marching, and the Lost Generation was leaving for Paris. But despite the troubling times, people still found beauty and meaning in the world around them. They still created art and celebrated life. The Harlem Renaissance was an artistic and literaryRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance941 Words   |  4 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance was a cultural movement, in the early 1920’s, that involved vibrancies of new life, ideas, and perceptions. The large migration of African Americans northward, after World War I, allowed people of color the opportunity to collaborate in the New York City neighborhood, known as Harlem. This renaissance allowed the city to thrive on a refined understanding and appreciation of the arts. Many individuals were involved in this movement including doctors, s tudents, shopkeepers,Read MoreThe Harlem Renaissance1317 Words   |  6 Pagesday is the Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance is the cultural movement of the 1920’s. The movement essentially kindled a new black cultural identity through art, literature and intellect. The Harlem Renaissance started during the Roaring Twenties. It took place in Harlem, New York. It became most prominent in the mid to late 1920’s and it diminished toward the early 1930’s (Henderson). The Harlem Renaissance was initially called the New Negro Movement or the New Negro Renaissance. It was theRead More The Harlem Renaissance Essay1513 Words   |  7 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Chapter 1 Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Harlem Renaissance, an African American cultural movement of the 1920s and early 1930s that was centered in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City. According to Wintz: The Harlem Renaissance was â€Å"variously known as the New Negro movement, the New Negro Renaissance, and the Negro Renaissance, the movement emerged toward the end of World War I in 1918, blossomed in the mid- to late 1920s, and then withered in the mid-1930sRead MoreHarlem Renaissance Essay1069 Words   |  5 PagesHARLEM RENAISSANCE Throughout the history of African Americans, there have been important historical figures as well as times. Revered and inspirational leaders and eras like, Martin Luther King and the Civil Rights Movement, Nat Turner and the slave revolt, or Huey Newton and the Black Panther Party. One such period that will always remain a significant part of black art and culture is the Harlem Renaissance. It changed the meaning of art and poetry, as it was known then. Furthermore, theRead More The Harlem Renaissance Essay1031 Words   |  5 PagesHARLEM RENAISSANCE Throughout the history of African Americans, there have been important historical figures as well as times. Revered and inspirational leaders and eras like, Martin Luther King and the Civil Rights Movement, Nat Turner and the slave revolt, or Huey Newton and the Black Panther Party. One such period that will always remain a significant part of black art and culture is the Harlem Renaissance. It changed the meaning of art and poetry, as it was known then. Furthermore, theRead More The Harlem Renaissance Essay524 Words   |  3 Pages Harlem Renaissance nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Harlem Renaissance was a time of racism, injustice, and importance. Somewhere in between the 1920s and 1930s an African American movement occurred in Harlem, New York City. The Harlem Renaissance exalted the unique culture of African-Americans and redefined African-American expression. It was the result of Blacks migrating in the North, mostly Chicago and New York. There were many significant figures, both male and female, that had taken part

Road Less Traveled - 2434 Words

THE ROAD LESS TRAVELED DISCIPLINE #9;The Discipline section of M. Scott Pecks The Road Less Traveled first deals with lifes difficulties. He makes it clear that we all have problems and pain but we have to deal with it to get by and to make life less difficult. quot;Life is difficult... Once we truly know that life is difficult--once we truly understand and accept it--then life is no longer difficult. Because once it is accepted, the fact that life is difficult no longer matters.quot;(p.15) #9;The four main points of the Discipline section are delaying gratification, acceptance of responsibility, dedication to reality and balancing. These four points are referred to as tools to solve lifes problems. By using these†¦show more content†¦A genuinely loving person, he says, will take loving action toward a person whether he or she likes them or not. Genuine love implies commitment and the exercise of wisdom. quot;The common tendency to confuse love with the feeling of love allows people all manner of self-deception.quot;(p. 119) Love is the act of going the extra mile to make something work. He also calls it a form of courage. quot;If an act is not one of work or courage, then it is not an act of love. There are no exceptions.quot;(p. 120) Primarily the work is the attention one gives to the one he or she loves. This attention includes quot;true listening.quot; The courage comes into play because one should always fear the risk of loss, commitment, and confrontation. #9;Peck says that quot;love is separateness.quot; He confirms that it is important to nurture one anothers spiritual growth, but one major characteristic of genuine love is that the distinction between oneself and the other is always maintained and preserved. It is important that the two lovers maintain separate identities and individuality. He feels that it is the separateness of partners that enriches the union. quot;But let there be spaces in your togetherness,...Fill each others cup but drink not from one cup. Give one another of your bread but eat not from the same loaf...quot;(p.Show MoreRelatedTaking The Road Less Traveled1312 Words   |  6 PagesTaking the Road Less Traveled College is a time of learning, stress, and finding yourself. Every student should experiment and find what they love the most. College is a time to meet new people. Going to a school where you may not have a class with anyone you know can be nerve wracking. However, going into college while in a relationship is extremely difficult. I have been in a relationship with my current boyfriend for two years. However, starting college while in a relationship can lead to unneededRead MoreDecisions in The Road Less Traveled Essays657 Words   |  3 PagesDecisions in The Road Less Traveled The word decision is defined by Websters Dictionary as, the act of deciding, or judgement. People have to make decisions in their lives all the time. One of the largest decisions is what to do after high school. This decision is certainly going to take you in one direction of another. And the places where your decisions would take you can differ greatly. Similarly, The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost uses symbolism to demonstrate that everyone isRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1286 Words   |  6 Pageshowever, no one can tell how each path will turn out, so saying the road less taken is the better choice has no evidence and is a useless statement. In his poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken,† Robert Frost gives thought about taking the road less traveled and how it has made a difference in his life, however each road is actually equal in taking and both can have positive and negative effects and there is technically no actual â€Å"road less traveled†. Frost d oesn’t say whether the difference is positive or not whichRead MoreAnalysis Of Frost s The Road Not Taken 1084 Words   |  5 Pagesfuture: whether it be the path that I follow in the end, or what I choose to believe. In â€Å"The Road Not Taken,† Frost helps to further illustrate these points. When he stumbles upon two separate paths, one that is worn and the other not quite so much, he is left to ponder which one he should follow. They both look relatively similar, but after a moment of contemplation, he decides to take the path less traveled: claiming that in the end it â€Å"has made all the difference.† I find myself drawn by thisRead MoreEssay about Themes in The Road Less Traveled699 Words   |  3 PagesThe Road Less Traveled M. Scott Peek starts off with life is difficult. Peck speaks of discipline and how it is the basic tool required to solve our problems. Life is a series of problems and what makes life difficult is the process of confronting and solving problems. These problems evoke in us frustration or grief or sadness, anguish or despair. yet it is in facing these problems that we gain wisdom, strength and courage. Any problem brings out a certain emotion; feelings and these feelingsRead MoreRoad Not Taken, Robert Frost942 Words   |  4 Pages101 Burstrem October 7, 2009 The Road Not Taken Life is full of choices and decisions that could ultimately change the outcome of our lives. In the poem, â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost, a traveler is destined to make that decision. This traveler man has to decide which road to take, one that is frequently traveled, and the one that is not. After contemplating which road to follow, he comes to the decision to take the road less traveled because he doesn’t want to follow in the footstepsRead MoreEssay on On The Road Not Taken1139 Words   |  5 PagesOn The Road Not Taken Most people believe that The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost was written to inspire people to be different, and to not follow the majority. However, the poem was actually written to gently tease one of Frosts good friends, and fellow poet, Edward Thomas. Frost and Thomas would take walks in the woods together, and Thomas would take Frost down one path and later regret not choosing a different path. This would lead one to believe that Frost is actually ridiculingRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost Essay1156 Words   |  5 PagesLee Frost was an American poet. His work was initially published in England before it was published in America. He is highly regarded for his realistic depictions of rural life and his command of American colloquial speech. Robert Frost’s poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken is a narrative poem on making decisions. A narrative poem is one that tells a story. It follows a similar structure as that for a short story or novel. There is a beginning, middle and an end, as well as the usual literary devices such asRead More Analyzing Themes in Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken Essay801 Words   |  4 PagesRobert Frosts The Road Not Taken This is a wonderful poem with many different themes and ideas. One of the biggest themes is not being afraid to take a chance. Some of the other themes include, not following the crowd, trying new things, and standing for something. This poem stated that the author took the one (road) less traveled by, and that has made all the difference so the author is telling the reader that we too should not be afraid to take another path. The Road Not Taken is aRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Road Not Taken 808 Words   |  4 Pagessigh/Somewhere ages and ages hence:/Two roads diverged in a wood, and I--/I took the one less traveled by†¦Ã¢â‚¬  these are famous lines from a classic poem written by Robert Frost. The poem, â€Å"The Road Not Taken† was one of many poems written by Frost. This well-known poem is about the struggle of a traveler decision between two routes he could take. It has both literal and metaphorical meaning; the roads can also symbolize two paths of life to follow. The Road Not Taken†¯is told from a first-person point

Stress, Health, And Human Flourishing Essay - 800 Words

Chapter 11 – Stress, Health, and Human Flourishing The major focus of this chapter was stress and the effect it has on the body. Stress is the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging. The concept of appraisal is the important part here. Stress can be affected through this psychological filter, either making the stressor feel threatening or challenging. The way we perceive it can have either positive or negative effects. Stress, when perceived negatively can lead to issues such as coronary heart disease or increased susceptibleness to colds (Myers, 2014). A Canadian scientist by the name of Hans Selye name the result of his research the general adaptation syndrome, or GAS for short. He described the process of stress as a 3-way process. There is phase one, alarm reaction, phase two, resistance, and phase three, exhaustion. Being unable to cope with a stressor and remaining in the last phase for too long can have negative health effects. Men and women both traditionally deal with stress in different ways. Men, and least more often than women, tend to socially withdraw, turn to alcohol, or become aggressive, while women more often respond by nurturing and bonding together (Myers, 2014). There are many ways to cope, or alleviate using emotional, cognitive, or behavioral methods, with stress. In this chapter, the three we discussed were catharsis, problem-focused, and emotion-focused.Show MoreRelatedThe National League Of Nursing Competencies1406 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Flourishing Human flourishing, one of the National League of Nursing competencies, refers to the overall state of well-being of an individual within multiple contexts. This competency celebrates diversity, freedom, happiness, and holistic well-being of individuals within their families, communities, and society (Nursing Framework and Program Outcomes, n.d.). The concept of human flourishing embodies the elements of contrast and conflict in life, connection with the surrounding world,Read MoreThe Effects Of Physical Exercise On The Brain Essay1439 Words   |  6 PagesThe human brain is constantly changing where many new neurons are formed while others neurons die and new synapses are created while other synapses are removed (Spalding et al., 2013). Some dendrites will withdraw while other dendrites continue branching (Killgore et al., 2013). The processes driving the reshaping of the brain are neuroplasticity and neurogenesis. Neuroplasticity is the brain’s lifelong ability to rewi re neural connections to compensate for diseases and injuries or in response toRead MoreThe Catholic Church Should Accept That Gay Marriage1526 Words   |  7 Pagesthe spouses and the procreation and education of offspring. So, the main point of marriage is for a joining of sorts of two people so they can procreate or have children. These are all goods in the eyes of the Church. A good is what lead to human flourishing or journeying back to God. Examples of these goods are life itself, communion with others, marriage, sexuality, and children. Heterosexual marriage complies with these goods. Gay marriage complies with these goods besides one. The one beingRead MoreA Portrait Of A Killer1042 Words   |  5 PagesPortrait of a Killer, examines the types of stress that living beings can endure, and how it can thus affect the rest of their bodies. Severe chronic stress can lead even lead to the destruction of brain cells. Dr. Robert Sapolsky is a neurobiologist of Stanford Univ ersity who has been researching stress for over thirty years. In order to study stress and its implications upon nonhumans, he went to Africa to study baboons. This species has only three hours of stress caused by eating, and the rest of theirRead MoreHuman Resource Planning595 Words   |  3 PagesHuman Resource Planning The function that I will explore in depth is Marks and Spencer human resource planning primarily concerned with the organisation possessing sufficient numbers of employees and of the right standard. The four main purposes of the human resource planning function are:  · Marks and Spencer establish clear links between organisational objectives and human resource plans so that successful co-ordination of the two can be set out.  · To giveRead MoreThe Effects Of Obesity On An Individual s Health And Well Being954 Words   |  4 Pagesmay affect the health and illness experiences of its members. Include information about specific services and health promotional activities that may be available for this group. You should also examine issues of discrimination and bias in relation to this group, how this might have changed over time, and how this might influence group members’ use of services. Adult obesity stigmatisation Introduction This essay will consider the holistic impact of obesity on an individual s health and well-beingRead MoreIvb Essay749 Words   |  3 PagesPGD to test for serious inherited genetic disorders. Funding includes costs of the IVF treatment which accompany PGD. Only some may be able to afford PGD therefore public funding is important to ensure fair and equitable opportunity.4 PGD reduces health care costs. Treatment of some genetic diseases can cost millions over the lifetime for a single individual. Avoiding these births would save money. Ethical: Many believe termination after prenatal diagnosis is unacceptable. There are many beliefsRead MoreEthics Of The Good Life For A Human Being1398 Words   |  6 Pagesfor a human being. Through living with the mean state and with moral virtue, the disposition to behave in the right manner and as a mean between extremes of deficiency and excess, Aristotle explains how one can reach the end purpose of life and achieve eudaimonia, human flourishing. Aristotle’s fundamental claims surrounding moral excellence and habituation allow to one enact the necessary process of moderating thinking and feeling to become a morally excellent person. In order to reach human thrivingRead MoreAssess The Organization s Programs And Services Essay1706 Words   |  7 Pagesthe State of Arizona. The Area Agency on Aging Region One’s programs include a 24 hour Senior Help Line, Elder Resource Guide, Adult Day Health Care, Adult Protective Services Service Coordination (APS), AgeWORKS, Benefits Assistance Medicare Program, Care Transitions Healing@Home, Congregate meals, Doves Program, Eldervention, Family Caregiver Support, Health Promotion, HIV Care Directions, Home-Delivered Meals, Legal Assistance, Long-term Ombudsman, Los Ancianos Seniors Serving Seniors, MaricopaRead MoreWhat Is Education Important?2263 Words   |  10 Pagesexistence, the use and limits of knowledge and the principles that govern and influence moral judgement (Dictionary, 2016). The word philosophy is a geek word with the meaning of love of wisdom , philosophers research meaning of concepts to clarify human nature and knowledge (Bates.J et al, 2009). Philosophers that look into education ask many questions to get the definition, aims and purposes of what education is (Bates et al, 2009). Besides knowing the definitions of education, philosophers would

Music Videos Debate Essay Example For Students

Music Videos Debate Essay Music is prominent in adolescent lives: teenagers spend between 4 and 5 hours a day listening to music and watching music videos 1 and name music listening as their preferred non-school activity. 2 Therefore, it is not surprising that government officials, researchers and parents alike are concerned about the impact of music on teenagers. Disturbed by the amount of violence portrayed in modern music, adults worry that these messages are contributing to the rise in violence among kids. Forty-eight percent (48%) of Americans say that violence in popular music should be more heavily regulated 3 and 59% would like to restrict violence in music. 4Music LyricsForty-seven percent (47%) of mothers with children in public schools believe that violent messages in rap music contribute â€Å"a great deal† to school violence, 5 and 66% of 13- to 17-year-olds believe violence in music is partly responsible for violent crimes like the 1999 Columbine High School shootings. 6 However, no studi es have documented a cause-and-effect relationship between violent or sexually explicit lyrics and adverse behavioral effects. 7 Studies show that the preference for heavy metal music may be a significant indicator for alienation, substance abuse, psychiatric disorders, suicide risks, sex-role stereotyping, or risk-taking behaviors during adolescence, 8 but music is not the cause of these behaviors. It is hypothesized that teenagers already struggling with those issues may be attracted to heavy metal music, because the lyrics express their own troubled feelings. Nonetheless, music may contribute to the atmosphere of violence that some argue is generated by popular media. Critics claim that music negatively affects teenagers by repeatedly exposing them to themes such as Satanism, substance abuse, murder, suicide and sexual violence, which may be heavily reinforced and normalized by the frequency of their portrayal. 9 Heavy metal and rap music are especially criticized for lyrics that many believe glorify violence. Music lyrics have also become increasingly explicit in the past two decades. Songs commonly make graphic references to sex, drugs and violence, whereas such sensitive topics were cleverly veiled in the past. 10In particular, â€Å"gangsta rap† is distinguished by lyrics that often involve references to street gangs, gunplay, sex, drug use and violence, and has been accused of extolling violent behavior. Studies have found that exposure to rap music â€Å"tends to lead to a higher degree of acceptance of the use of violence.à ¢â‚¬  11 In addition, several major rap artists have been charged with violent crimes in real life, 12 and many worry that their actions seemingly condone the violent messages in their music. Their celebrity status also serves to glamorize their violent behavior. Music VideosMusic Television (MTV) redefined music for future generations by creating music videos, and the unique fusion between rock music and visual images continues to be a hit. A 1996 study revealed that boys and girls ages 12 to 19 watch MTV for an average of 6.6 and 6.2 hours each week, respectively. 13 But despite music videos’ popularity among adolescents, many adults criticize the medium as studies show that music videos often contain violence, sexism, suicide and substance abuse. 14 A 1998-1999 study revealed that music videos were more violent than feature films and television, averaging four violent scenes each, 15 and a 1997 study reported that 22.4% of MTV videos contained overt violence and 25% depicted weapon carrying. 16The American Academy of Pediatrics reported that portrayals of violence in popular music videos could distort adolescents’ expectations about conflict resolution, race and male-female relationships. 17 In a 1998 study of 518 music video s from the four most popular music video networks, almost 15% contained interpersonal violence, averaging 6 violent acts per violence-containing video. 18 Males and females were equally portrayed as victims of violence, but men were three times as likely to be the aggressors and white females were most frequently the victims. 19 African Americans were also overrepresented as both aggressors and victims and were 28 times more likely to be portrayed as victims of violence than aggressors. 20How much music videos affect teenagers depends on the individual, but researchers argue that when music lyrics are illustrated in music videos, the lyrics’ potential impact is magnified by the accompanying video images. 21 Ambiguous song lyrics become undeniably concrete onscreen, reinforcing messages listeners may have missed. Several studies indicate that music videos may desensitize adolescents by frequently exposing them to violence. 22 Watching videos may also induce violent and aggress ive feelings, potentially cultivating attitudes that may lead to certain types of violent behavior. One study of 400 male and female students showed that the more violent music videos were, the more angry, fearful and aggressive viewers felt. 23 Another study reported that eliminating access to MTV decreased the number of violent acts among teenagers and young adults in a locked treatment facility. 24Some researchers raise concerns regarding depictions of women as sexual objects in music videos, where inappropriate behavior, such as unwanted sexual advances and general disrespect towards women, is repeatedly portrayed as normal. Sut Jhally, a communications professor at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, created a video entitled â€Å"Dreamworks: Desire/Sex/Power in Rock Videos,† which effectively shows how music videos dehumanize women, reducing them to body parts readily available for the sexual satisfaction of men. Although outright violence towards women is rarely s hown, it is implied through stage props like whips and chains and is reinforced by the women’s permissive attitudes. Jhally stresses that music videos do not cause violence, but may encourage unrealistic expectations regarding women, leading to certain types of sexist attitudes and behaviors. â€Å"The more TV you watch, the more you think the world is like TV,† Jhally explains. â€Å"You tend to act on the stories you have access to.† 25

Security Organs in the US

Defense Support of Civil Authorities and its importance Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA) denotes the process through which the US military can be deployed to undertake tasks that are meant for the civil authorities (Tussing McCreight, 2014). Conventionally, the military is charged with the responsibility of defending the US territories against intrusion by foreigners.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Security Organs in the US specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, in the contemporary times, the role of the US military has changed greatly due to increased terrorist activities. The US military now works with the civil authorities in mitigating domestic crimes and in other rescue missions during disasters. The DSCA is headed by The Directorate of Military Support for Domestic Operations (DOMS) and each state has a single DOMS. The DOMS is responsible for discharging military equipments and per sonnel to areas of disasters when called to do so by the office of emergency management. The basic roles, functions, missions, and capabilities of the National Guard The National Guard is a special military reserve unit established at around 1636 (Buchalter, 2007). It is composed of citizen-soldiers and they are mandated to serve in the army while preserving their civilian lives. The National Guard is made up of two branches, viz. the Air National Guard and the Army National Guard. The National Guard’s personnel are skilled men and women who provide technical support to the military in times of special needs. The mission of the National Guard is primarily to offer support to the military in times of active warfare. Initially, such support was only afforded in active warfare involving the US and a foreign country. However, the mission is changing with the changing nature of attacks within the US territories. Terrorist attacks have increased tremendously within the US, thus fac ilitating the deployment of the National Guard in the homeland security. In pursuance of this mission, the National Guard was employed during the Second World War to contain the Soviet Union.Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The National Guard’s main responsibility is to provide professional support to the active soldiers in times of war (Buchalter, 2007). With the introduction of the â€Å"Total Force Concept† in the 1970s, the role of the National Guard has changed greatly (Tussing McCreight, 2014). The concept was launched by Melvin Laird, the then secretary of defense. The move followed concerns from the public over excessive expenditure on the Vietnam War. The total force concept requires cooperation amongst all elements of the forces. In other words, the concept increased the National Guard’s involvement in the US security. The National Guard also assists in the homeland security (Buchalter, 2007). Given that unit personnel are deployed in almost every community in the US, they act as intermediaries between the federal government and the local communities. They have the skills and authority needed to respond to terrorist attacks in the homeland. There are about 3,000 armories located across the US, which is a clear indication that they also assist the federal government in maintaining homeland security on top of providing emergency services to the military in times of active participation. In addition to providing assistance to the army and maintaining the homeland security, the National Guard offers training to local first responders (Buchalter, 2007). The training centers on emergency response in case of chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) events (D’Agostino, 2010). The training benefits the rest of the military as well as local law enforcers. Presently, the National Guard has roughly 3,000 personne l trained to operate in hazardous environment such as chemically contaminated environments. In addition to providing military support in times of war between the US and a foreign power, the National Guard also participates in domestic issues. The National Guard is subdivided into units deployed in all the 50 states making up the US (Buchalter, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Security Organs in the US specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The units operate under the governors of their respective states and at times, they may be ordered to participate in the provision of emergency services in times of disasters in their respective states. The unit is called upon to respond to natural calamities such as hurricanes, floods, and earthquakes. However, the state employing the services of the National Guard in such incidences should pay some fee to the federal government to obtain consent (D’Agostino, 2010). The concept of Defense Support of Civil Authorities The local law enforcement agencies regularly require the support of the military in critical situations (Tussing McCreight, 2014). The deployment of the military under the DSCA is the last resort after all other means have failed. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is authorized to deploy federal resources to any state in times of disasters upon request by a state. FEMA can command any local federal forces to join in mitigating a disaster in any state, but it can only request the military’s support when all other agencies have failed to contain the situation (Buchalter, 2007). Every federal agency is at liberty to appeal for military help. However, the agency seeking for the assistance should specify on the nature and extent of the assistance needed using a memorandum. Military aid is synchronized with the local authorities in the area where such assistance is needed. This aspect ensures that the support is maximized. Decisions regarding withdrawal or continuance of the support are made by the DoD officials, local government, and federal agencies (Tussing McCreight, 2014). A new memo must be prepared if changes are to be made to the original request. There are plentiful other decrees, principles and laws that govern the armed forces’ function in carrying out operations aimed at supporting the local authorities (D’Agostino, 2010). The laws include the Insurrection Act, Homeland Security Act, and the Homeland Security Presidential Directive – 5 (Buchalter, 2007).Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The aforementioned rules apply to the concept of DSCA and determine military response to calls for assistance. When local law enforcers deploy the assistance of DSCA, the forces so employed immediately become answerable to the operational control of U.S. Northern Command (USNORTHCOM). Explain DOD’s roles and responsibilities in homeland defense The Department of Defense (DoD) is a department within the federal government charged with the responsibility of managing and overseeing all the activities of the federal security organs (Buchalter, 2007). The department is the largest employer worldwide and it has over 3 million employees. Its employees are not only military men, but also civilians who execute other special functions. The department oversees all the security operations in the US under the watch of the Secretary of Defense. The secretary of defense is answerable to the president of the US. There are three departments within the DoD, viz. the U.S. Department of the Army , the U.S. Department of the Navy, and the U.S. Department of the Air Force (Buchalter, 2007). The intelligence departments are also under this department. The department’s major functions are outlined below. DoD chief function is to coordinate the operations of the US security organs (D’Agostino, 2010). The department allocates resources to various security organs depending on the needs of the security organ in question. The department organizes and conducts recruitment for military personnel. In addition, DoD retains the resources for the military and only releases them when needed. DoD is responsible for the procurement of military equipments necessary for the working of the military. The department is also charged with the responsibility of ensuring that the military remains equipped and ready to counter attacks that may arise. The department, through the various intelligence departments that operate under it, is responsible for providing intelligence reports to th e president regarding the security of the nation (Tussing McCreight, 2014). The intelligence community is charged with the responsibility of providing warnings to security agents of security threats prior to their occurrence. The IC is composed of highly trained crime detectives with the ability to detect crime before it is accomplished. It is composed of both the military and civilians. The security officers in charge of providing global security rely greatly on the IC’s report to combat terrorism and protect the citizens around the world. All the intelligence departments are under the DoD and intelligence reports are submitted to the DoD, which in turn presents it to the president (Buchalter, 2007). The intelligence report is important to a nation’s security since it warns the country of an attack before it is accomplished. The DoD’s objectives in homeland defense The primary objective of the DoD is to secure the US territories from foreign attacks (D’ Agostino, 2010). The department has well skilled and equipped personnel who ensure that the American territories remain secure. With the increasing terrorist attacks, the department aims at achieving full protection of its boarders and counter crime. In a bid to accomplish this mission, the department recruits qualified personnel and affords the necessary training to equip them with the necessary skills to counter attacks. In addition, the department has highly experienced intelligence personnel with the ability to detect crime before it is accomplished. This objective extends to cover containing major threats to the world’s security. The second objective that the DoD is obliged to meet is homeland security (Gates, 2009). The department has highly trained staff and it avails assistance to the local law enforcers as and when needed. Its objective is to train military personnel to handle different types of crimes including nuclear attacks. How the US employs all elements of nat ional power in homeland defense The military’s primary function is to protect the US territories against external attacks. However, this role has extended to the provision of emergency services and support to the civil authorities (Gaston, 2011). The military only comes to support the civil authorities. Crises are managed at the lowest level by the civil authorities, but when the nature of the crisis turns critical and it can no longer be managed by the local authorities, the military is deployed to assist. Military support is requested by the agency in need of the support and it is required to pay the cost incurred by the army. The requesting agency is required to file a memo to the DOMS containing the nature of support needed and the estimated cost of the operation. The US military collaborates with the civil authorities in times of disasters and in countering riots and demonstrations by the public in major towns in the US. However, the military is employed in situations wh ere the local law enforcement agencies cannot manage due to lack of skills or equipment (Tussing McCreight, 2014). Defense Support of Civil Authorities is an important aspect of security in the US since it ensures that the country is secure at all times. The military at times share training facilities and equipments with the local civilians increasing the ability of the local law enforcers to counter attacks. References Buchalter, R. (2007). Military Support to Civil Authorities: The Role of the Department f Defense in Support of Homeland Defense. Retrieved from http://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/pdf-files/CNGR_Milit-Support-Civil-Authorities.pdf D’Agostino, M. (2010). Homeland defense: DOD can enhance efforts to identify capabilities to support civil authorities during disasters. Collingdale, PA: DIANE Publishing. Gaston, R. (2011). Standardizing readiness and response in defense support of civil authorities. Retrieved from https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a553166.pdf Gates , M. (2009). National defense strategy. Collingdale, PA: DIANE Publishing. Tussing, B., McCreight, R. (2014). Introduction to Homeland Defense and Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA): The U.S. Military’s Role to Support and Defend. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. This research paper on Security Organs in the US was written and submitted by user Damarion U. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.